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Ósma łódź jednopienna z jeziora Lednica na tle analogicznych znalezisk z tego samego akwenu //The Eighth Logboat from Lake Lednica, Compared to Similar Finds from the Same Lake
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
Ostrów Lednicki and its surroundings are one of the most important
underwater archaeological sites in Poland, providing unique sources for research on
boatbuilding and water transport from the early Middle Ages to modern times. To
2025, seven dugout boats had been discovered in Lake Lednica, and in 2025 another,
eighth, vessel was recovered. The newly identified canoe, dated to the 14th-15th century,
represents the tradition of flat-bottomed boats with a single bulkhead, similar to
the Kosewo and Żelazna types, characteristic of the Wielkopolska region. The collection
of eight boats from Lake Lednica shows the richness of construction forms and diversity
of functions – from prestigious transport vessels, through boats used in bridge construction, to specialised fishing dugouts. The results of the research emphasise the
key role of Lednica as a communication and economic centre and indicate the slow
evolution of local boat building traditions. Each new discovery, including the vessel
described here, significantly expands our knowledge of the daily life of communities
associated with one of the central seats of power of the first Piasts and confirms the
enormous cognitive potential of further underwater research in this area.
Mateusz Popek (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), Marta Piotrowska (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), Szymon Mosakowski (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), Mikołaj Tański (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), Andrzej Pydyn (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu)
9-22
17.12.2025
Belka hakowa z wału grodziska na Ostrowie Lednickim z wizerunkiem twarzy //Hook Beam from the Rampart of the Ostrów Lednicki Stronghold with an Image of a Face
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
Between 2021 and 2024, land and underwater investigations were carried
out on the western side of Ostrów Lednicki, which aimed at verifying the function of
wooden structures located near the palatium. A fragment of the stronghold’s rampart
that had collapsed into the lake was discovered, featuring a well-preserved box
construction and a mass of beams dated to the second half of the 10th century. The
most significant find was a hook beam (no. 353) with an anthropomorphic depiction
of a face. The carefully carved image, measuring 12 × 9 cm, includes eyes, a nose,
cheeks, and a bearded chin. Dendrochronological analysis dates the beam to around
AD 967. Comparative studies revealed stylistic similarities to early medieval figurines
from Wolin, Staraya Ladoga, and Novgorod the Great, as well as to a beam with a zoomorphic
representation from Gniezno. The context of the find – the rampart of one of the most important Piast strongholds – together with the object’s form, allows it
to be interpreted as a local manifestation of figural art, probably associated with the
image of a deity or a hero mediating between humans and the spiritual world. The
discovery from Lednica makes an important contribution to the discussion on the origins
of figural representations in the Slavic cultural sphere and suggests the possibility
of their indigenous character.
Andrzej Pydyn (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), Konrad Lewek (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), Mateusz Popek (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), Andrzej Kowalczyk (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy), Paweł Pawlak (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
23-35
17.12.2025
U zarania wczesnośredniowiecznego zespołu osadniczego w Biechowie, pow. miłosławski. Wyniki najnowszych badań wykopaliskowych //At the Beginning of the Early Medieval Settlement Complex in Biechowo, Miłosław County. Recent Excavation Findings
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
The article discusses the results of excavation research conducted in
Biechowo, Miłosław County, site 18, with particular emphasis on sources from the
early Middle Ages. The site was located in close proximity to a fortified settlement
(less than 160 m away) associated with a castellany that, according to current findings,
existed from the 11th century. A total of 23 structures were discovered, 18 of which can
be dated to the early Middle Ages. Only in a few cases can their original function be
identified on the basis of their characteristic shape or filling. These include structures 4,
7-8, and 14 (post holes), 10 (hearth), 16 (kiln/drying room), 17 (tar distillery?) and 20 and 21 (ditches). A particular accumulation of pottery and drying pans was noted
in the lower part of structure 16, which we associate with the first phase of its use. The
pottery collection includes fragments of partially and completely slow-wheel turned
vessels, decorated in zones, which refer to products classified in southwestern Greater
Poland as group D. The dating of the discovered relics, based on the results of pottery
analysis, should be placed in the second and early third quarters of the 10th century.
Such dating of the settlement located in the immediate vicinity of the stronghold
allows us to hypothesise about its potentially earlier establishment. Only excavations
could resolve the issue of dating the beginnings of the stronghold and shed light on its
place in the network of strongholds of that time.
Ewa Pawlak (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy), Paweł Pawlak (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
37-89
17.12.2025
Pochodzenie surowca wykorzystywanego w XI-wiecznym warsztacie złotniczym w Rybitwach na stanowisku 12 k. Ostrowa Lednickiego. Badania wstępne //The Origin of Raw Material in the 11th-century Goldsmith’s Workshop in Rybitwy at the Site no. 12 near Ostrów Lednicki. Preliminary Research
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
Site 12 at Rybitwy near Ostrów Lednicki has been identified as a goldsmith’s
workshop. To study the provenance of the raw materials used there, five selected
fragments of goldsmithing ceramics – crucibles and cupellation plates – were
analysed using lead isotope ratio analysis (MC-ICP-MS). Preliminary results indicate
that goldsmiths from the Piast realm primarily used lead originating from the Olkusz
region, as well as material obtained from remelting Asian dirhams. This is consistent
with previous research on the provenance of raw materials used in the production of
West Slavic–type silver ornaments.
Ewelina Miśta-Jakubowska (Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych; Uniwersytet Jagielloński), Renata Czech-Błońska (Uniwersytet Jagielloński), Władysław Duczko, Olga Antowska-Gorączniak (Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu), Marcin Szeliga (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie), Jakub Karasiński (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
91-115
17.12.2025
Paciorek ze szkła siarczkowo-arsenowego z cmentarzyska w Dziekanowicach. Analiza funkcjonalna i technologiczna //Arsenic-sulphide Glass Bead from the Cemetery in Dziekanowice. Functional and Technological Analysis
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
The article presents a functional-technological analysis of an arsenic-sulfide
glass (ASG) bead discovered in a child’s grave (inv. 28/01) at the 11th-century
cemetery in Dziekanowice (site 22, Greater Poland). Microscopic study combined with
pXRF and EPMA confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass, with a composition
close to orpiment (As₂S₃) and minor Sb, Pb, Cu, Te, and Se admixtures. Comparison
with beads from Bodzia, Kostolany pod Tribečom, and Wolin suggests that ASG items
circulated within prestige-gift networks and, in funerary contexts, served an apotropaic
function – particularly in the burials of women and children. The find broadens
the known distribution of this technology and highlights the symbolic importance of
red colouring in Early Medieval funerary practices.
Renata Czech-Błońska (Uniwersytet Jagielloński)
117-132
17.12.2025
Szkielet mężczyzny z Ostrowa Lednickiego ze stwierdzoną bakterią Tannerella forsythia //Skeleton of a Man from Ostrów Lednicki with Confirmed Presence of the Tannerella forsythia Bacterium
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
The article „Analysis of oral microbiome from fossil human remains
revealed the significant differences in virulence factors of modern and ancient Tannerella
forsythia” by Anna Philips, Ireneusz Stolarek, Luiza Handschuh, Katarzyna
Nowis, Anna Juras, Dawid Trzciński, Wioletta Nowaczewska, Anna Wrzesińska, Jan
Potempa, and Marek Figlerowicz, published in 2020 in BMC Genomics [vol. 21, article
402, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06810-9], discusses the material from Ostrów
Lednicki – the skeleton of a man from grave 1424, who was found to have periodontitis
and tartar. The material underwent DNA analysis for the presence of Tannerella
forsythia bacteria.
Anna Wrzesińska
133-142
17.12.2025
A Case Study of Childhood Metabolic Stress in 11th–12th Century Giecz, Poland //Studium przypadku stresu metabolicznego u dzieci w Gieczu w XI–XII wieku w Polsce
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
The article presents a case of a child burial discovered at the early medieval
cemetery in Giecz (site Gz 10). The grave contained the remains of a child who
died at approximately 2 – 4.5 years of age. Detailed anthropological analysis revealed
numerous pathological changes, indicating that the individual experienced chronic
metabolic stress, malnutrition, or a disease that affected skeletal development. After
excluding other possible conditions, it was concluded that the most probable causes
of the observed lesions were scurvy, anaemia, and/or nonspecific infections. This case
study provides preliminary observations on the health of a child during the early Piast
period in Poland to enhance our understanding of the living conditions of populations
inhabiting this region during a time of significant sociohistorical transformation.
Lauren Hayden (The Ohio State University), Marta Rychtarska (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy), Mark Hubbe (The Ohio State University), Amanda Agnew (The Ohio State University)
143-163
17.12.2025
Przyżyciowa wysokość ciała mieszkańców wczesnośredniowiecznego Giecza szacowana na podstawie pomiarów kości długich //The Estimated Living Stature of the Inhabitants of Early Medieval Giec Based on Measurements of Their Long Bones
tom XXIV (2025)
Abstrakt
This study presents the reconstruction of the living stature of individuals
buried at the early medieval cemetery in Giecz, site 10. Two methods were applied: those
proposed by Manouvrier, and by Trotter and Gleser. The mean male stature reconstructed
using Manouvrier’s method was 168.9 cm, while according to the Trotter and
Gleser method it was 174.2 cm. The average female stature estimated by these methods
amounted to 155.3 cm and 159.6 cm, respectively. The sexual dimorphism, calculated
based on the mean statures, was 8.05 and 8.38, respectively. These results may indicate
very favourable living conditions of the early medieval inhabitants of Giecz.
Zofia Małek
165-179
17.12.2025
Homilia Prymasa Polski abp. Wojciecha Polaka wygłoszona podczas Mszy św. sprawowanej z okazji Narodowego Święta Chrztu Polski, 1059. rocznicy chrztu Mieszka I, Niedziela Palmowa, 13 kwietnia 2025. Palatium na Ostrowie Lednickim //Homily by the Primate of Poland, Archbishop Wojciech Polak, Delivered During the Holy Mass Celebrated on the Occasion of the National Celebration of the Baptism of Poland, the 1059th Anniversary of the Baptism of Mieszko I , Palm Sunday, April 13, 20
tom XXIV (2025)
Arcybiskup Wojciech Polak - Prymas Polski
183-186
17.12.2025
Inauguracja Europejskich Dni Archeologii w Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy //Inauguration of the European Archaeology Days in the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica
tom XXIV (2025)
Mateusz Wawrzyniak (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
187-189
17.12.2025
Wystawa „Polska – Węgry. Pierwsi królowie” //‘Poland – Hungary. The First Kings Exhibition’
tom XXIV (2025)
Ewa Pawlak (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
191-194
17.12.2025
Profesor Jacek Banaszkiewicz uhonorowany Nagrodą Lednickiego Orła Piastowskiego //Professor Jacek Banaszkiewicz Honoured with the Lednica Piast Eagle Award
tom XXIV (2025)
Paweł Sankiewicz (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
195-197
17.12.2025
Digitalizacja i udostępnienie najcenniejszych zabytków Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy //Digitization and sharing of the most valuable artefacts of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica
tom XXIV (2025)
Arkadiusz Tabaka (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
199-202
08.12.2025
Jubileusz 50-lecia Wielkopolskiego Parku Etnograficznego w Dziekanowicach //50th Anniversary of the Wielkopolska Ethnographic Park in Dziekanowice
tom XXIV (2025)
Adriana Garbatowska (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
203-206
08.12.2025
Komunikat z „życia” Rezerwatu Archeologicznego Gród w Grzybowie //Announcement from the “life” of the Grzybowo Archaeological Reserve Gród
tom XXIV (2025)
Igor Mikołajczyk (Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy)
207-214
08.12.2025
